Three species of dominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with banana plants in Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Indonesia

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the most important pests on banana plantations. This research was conducted to identify the dominant PPNs species threat in banana cultivation. The purposive sampling method was performed in banana plantations to collect the roots of banana plants and the soil around them to extract the nematodes. Nematode identification was carried out morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly using the primer pair D2A/D3B. The highest population of PPNs from root and soil sample (respectively) in Turi were <i>Radopholus</i> (84 nematodes/10 gram root) and <i>Helicotylenchus</i> (37.3 nematodes/100 mL soil), in Kasihan were <i>Pratylenchus</i> (181.3 nematodes/10 gram root) and <i>Meloidogyne</i> (53.3 nematodes/100 mL soil), while in Jetis were both <i>Helicotylenchus</i> with population of 480 nematode/10 gram root and 120 nematode/100 mL soil. Phylogenetic analysis placed the population of <i>R. similis</i> from Turi, Yogyakarta in a monophyletic clade with <i>R. similis</i> from Tanzania, China, and Colombia. The Kasihan, Yogyakarta population of <i>P. coffeae</i> was placed in a monophyletic clade with <i>P. coffeae</i> from China and Tanzania. Additionally, the Jetis, Yogyakarta population of <i>H. multicinctus</i> was separated from <i>H. multicinctus</i> populations from Nigeria, China, Sudan, Vietnam, Brazil, India, Florida, Greece, and Colombia. These results could be used as the database of morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics of nematode species in Indonesia and as a basis for future banana parasitic nematode management.