Fermentation activity of rye sourdough as a quality factor of wheat-rye bread

The purpose of the article was to determine the best fermentation activity of rye sourdough starter for the production of wheat-rye bread for health purposes. Natural sourdough bread is popular in the Ukrainian flour market due to its high taste and nutritional value. The developed recipe of wheat-rye sourdough bread contained high-grade wheat flour, rye flour, rye bran, olive oil, salt and sugar, as well as rye sourdough on different days of its fermentation. The sensory analysis was performed and the organoleptic characteristics of wheat-rye sourdough bread were determined. A sensory profilogram of model compositions of wheat-rye bread was constructed and, based on the results of expert evaluation, the model composition with the best organoleptic characteristics was determined. According to the experiment, the starter of the sixth day of fermentation allowed to achieve the highest gas retention capacity and optimal spreading of the dough ball. In the process of fermentation in all the tested samples, an increase in the active acidity of the dough was observed, which affected its quality characteristics. The moisture content and porosity of the finished product obtained with the sourdough starter of the sixth day of fermentation increased by 2.3% and 7.4%, respectively, compared to the values recorded for bread with the sourdough starter of the fourth day of fermentation. There was a slight increase in the fragility of the finished product due to an increase in its porosity. Wheat-rye bread with rye sourdough was beneficial due to dietary fiber, which improved digestion, normalises the microflora, reduces the risk of heart disease, and vitamins and minerals that strengthen the immune system and support energy metabolism