FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETENCE OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PAPER ADVISERS IN LIGAO CITY DIVISION

This study investigated the factors affecting the competence of Public Elementary School Paper Advisers (SPAs) in Ligao City Division during School Year 2024-2025. Using a mixed-method research design, the study gathered data from 68 SPAs across three districts through surveys and semi-structured interviews. The research examined advisers' profiles, competency levels in school paper management and coaching, and challenges faced. Results revealed that most SPAs held BEED degrees (69.1%) with limited specialized journalism training, and over 76% had 5 years or less experience. Key challenges included time management constraints, inadequate technological infrastructure particularly in rural areas, and limited institutional support. The study found significant gaps in professional development, with 58.8% of advisers lacking formal training in campus paper management. Geographic location emerged as a critical factor, with 76.5% of schools in rural areas facing additional challenges in internet connectivity and resource access. Based on these findings, the study proposed comprehensive policy guidelines focusing on professional development, resource management, and technology infrastructure support. The recommendations emphasized establishing sustainable funding mechanisms, facilitating mentorship programs between experienced and novice advisers, and creating collaborative networks to enhance the quality of campus journalism education in Ligao City Division.