Research Progress on Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Potential and Challenges of MicroRNA

Lung cancer ranks at the top in both incidence and mortality among malignant tumors worldwide. In China, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are the highest among all malignant tumors. Due to the lack of obvious symptoms in early-stage lung cancer, it is difficult to arouse patients’ vigilance, leading to many patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus missing the best opportunity for treatment. MicroRNAs are a class of single-stranded small RNAs in cells that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes and play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. They have become a frontier and a hot topic in the field of lung cancer research. This article aims to comprehensively review the important position of MicroRNAs in lung cancer research and explore their potential application value as biomarkers in common lung cancers.