Mobile learning readiness: an integrative theoretical perspective

A crucial need for a comprehensive understanding and assessment of mobile learning readiness exists in light of most adult learners’ lack of preparedness for mobile learning. This study developed a seven-factor mobile learning readiness construct and crafted a 26-item scale integrating the Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Self-directed Learning theory. The mobile learning readiness scale was validated on the data collected from 249 participants from the digital native cohort in the USA. Utilizing exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling, the mobile learning readiness scale demonstrated reliability, content, construct, predictive validity, and measurement invariance up to the scalar invariance test between two subgroups. This study contributed to the understanding and measurement of mobile learning readiness, which benefited the mobile learning research community and fostered the advancement of mobile learning initiatives in diverse contexts.