Prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes and their co-occurrence, and its correlates in India using NFHS-5 data

Hypertension and diabetes are the two most prevalent non-communicable diseases in India, and their exposure is increasing fast with time.In the present study, an attempt is made to assess its prevalence (P), diagnosis (D), treatment (T) and control (C) in three mutually exclusive groups of individuals aged 30-79 who are only hypertensive (OH), individual with only diabetes (OD) and hypertensive as well as individual with diabetes (HD) and its correlates based on fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) with the help of chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.The prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and control (PDTC) rates of the disease among OH were 21.7%, 26.9%, 23% and 10.7% respectively, and it was 11.4%, 17.1%, 16.4% and 5.1% among OD, followed by 9.9%, 24.6%, 22.4% and 3.1% among HD.They also exhibited significant associations (P-value < 0.05) and risks, such that rural (odds ratio (OR): 0.628), and female OR: 0.876) had a lower risk of coexistence compared to urban and male respectively.Individuals who were divorced (OR: 1.137), age group 70-79 (OR: 7.468), smokers (OR: 1.71) and consuming alcohol (OR: 1.100), as well as those overweighed, had a higher chance of HD.In conclusion, addressing these risk factors with association and the geographical distribution of PDTC of HD in India could potentially enhance public health in the region.