Research on the Evaluation of Quantitative Characteristics in Dry Beans in the Context of Climate Change in Central Moldavia, Romania

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a valuable source of nutrients, and as a nitrogen-fixing plant, it improves soil fertility, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and promoting sustainable agriculture. The main objective of the study conducted at ARDS Secuieni was to diversify agricultural crops in the Moldova Center by expanding the acreage of dwarf field beans in farms. In the experimental field at ARDS Secuieni, the growth of bean crops was monitored under different climatic conditions. The biological material used in the experiment was the Delia variety and the study focused on assessing the quantitative characteristics of beans, including yield, as well as analyzing the economic efficiency of bean yield. Weather data were obtained from the unit's own meteorological station, located in the experimental field. The analyzed parameters varied significantly from year to year, being negatively affected by soil drought and atmospheric heat. Seed yields showed high variability from year to year, ranging from 1044 kg/ha to 1459 kg/ha. Even though bean yields were significantly reduced, the net profit achieved under the conditions at ARDS Secuieni was substantial, ranging from 5342 lei/ha to 8534 lei/ha. The study conducted at ARDS Secuieni highlighted that, in addition to its recognized nutritional benefits, field beans also offer high economic profitability. Expanding the area cultivated with this crop would improve economic returns and contribute to agricultural sustainability.