High-Echo Environment-Based 3D Single-Photon Ghost Imaging via Array Detection

传统的单光子三维计算鬼成像(3DSCGI)由于在极低光子通量环境下工作，信噪比(SNR)较低，需要进行大量的重复测量。提高光子通量可以改善这一问题，但会引入堆积效应，导致光子计数直方图与原始脉冲波形相比发生畸变。本研究开发了一种新的单光子三维计算鬼成像技术(3DHCGI)，在高回波光子通量下直接计算64*64单光子相机的光子计数和哈达码矩阵之间的二阶相关函数(SOCF)，显著提高了信噪比，同时避免了堆积效应的影响。此外，利用哈达码矩阵行中平衡的+1和−1分布，我们采用互补探测进一步降低噪声，同时在每个散斑模式仅探测126次的情况下，完成了39.45 m处场景256*256分辨率的三维重建，横向分辨率达到了7.21 mm，显著提升了成像质量。这项工作对于中远距离高分辨率单光子三维成像具有重要意义，提供了一种高效且高质量的成像方法。Typical single-photon 3D computational ghost imaging (3DSCGI) suffers from low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) due to operating in ultra-low photon flux environment, necessitating numerous repetitive measurements. Enhancing photon flux improves this but introduces pile-up effects, distorting photon counts histogram compared with original pulse waveform. Our study develops a new single-photon 3D computational ghost imaging technology (3DHCGI) computing the second-order correlations function (SOCF) between photon counts of 64*64 single photon camera and Hadamard matrix directly under high echoing photon flux, significantly boosting SNR and avoiding pile-up effect based on the pairwise orthogonality of Hadamard matrix. Additionally, leveraging the balanced +1 and −1 distribution in Hadamard rows, we utilize complementary detection to finish 256*256 3D reconstruction at distance 39.45 m with transverse resolution 7.21 mm and detections of each pattern 126, and further reduce noise and enhance image quality. This work is important for high-resolution single-photon 3D imaging, offering an efficient and high-quality imaging method.