ODERN CONCEPTS OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLASSIFICATION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ANORECTAL DEVELOPMENTAL MALFUNCTIONS

The article analyzes modern scientifi c sources that highlight the etiopathogenetic features of the formation of anorectal congenital malformations. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of formation and discreteness of the urogenital septum, its role in the division of the cloaca into the anterior urogenital and posterior excretory- rectal sinuses in the early prenatal period of human ontogenesis.Modern concepts of the embryonic development of the anorectal region are analyzed, however, the insuffi ciency of the description of disorders of this process is noted. As a result, the pathogenesis of the formation of anorectal malformations remain insuffi ciently defi ned, which complicates their early diagnosis and prevention.Separately, modern trends in the frequency of anorectal defects, which reaches 1:5000 newborns, their association with other systemic developmental defects, as well as the topographical and anatomical complexity of the perineal area are considered. Attention is focused on the need to improve methods of early diagnosis and surgical correction of anorectal defects in newborns.Further systematization of knowledge and resolution of contradictions regarding the embryonic development of perineal structures, determination of topographic- anatomical and spatial- temporal relationships of the structures of the perineal area will allow creating a general classifi cation and will contribute to the development of new diagnostic methods and surgical approaches in the treatment of anorectal congenital defects.