INDICES OF CARBOHYDRATE, LIPID METABOLISM AND HEMOSTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND POST-COVID SYNDROME

The purpose of the study – to examine the indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the hemostasis system, in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Material and methods. The study involved 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): 53 patients without post- COVID syndrome (Group I); 49 patients with post- COVID syndrome (Group II), aged 18 to 79 years and 20 practically healthy individuals (PHI). The following parameters were analyzed: fasting glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin levels in the blood serum. The lipid profile of blood plasma was also studied, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fibrinolytic activity of the blood plasma, prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin index (PI), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), factor XIII activity, fibrinogen levels, antithrombin III (AT III) activity, and D-dimer levels in the blood plasma. Results. Patients with T2DM and post- COVID syndrome exhibited: higher fasting and 2-hour glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and insulin resistance index compared to patients without post- COVID syndrome. More pronounced alterations in the blood lipid profile, including lower HDL-C and higher LDL-C levels. Changes in the hemostasis system, regardless of post- COVID syndrome presence, indicated increased thrombotic activity and reduced fibrinolysis. However, T2DM with post- COVID syndrome showed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, with a more marked decrease in AT III. Conclusions. Patients with T2DM and post- COVID syndrome demonstrated more pronounced disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as more significant impairments in coagulation and fibrinolysis.