Satellite and UAV surveying as tools for monitoring land resources: modern technologies and their application in Ukraine

The article analyzes innovative methods of remote sensing of land resources, in particular satellite imaging and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which ensure increased efficiency of land resource management through operational monitoring of the state of territories, analysis of the dynamics of changes in land use and a comprehensive assessment of environmental indicators, which together contribute to the optimization of management decisions. It is established that the integration of satellite technologies, characterized by wide coverage and systematic data updating, with highly detailed UAV imaging, focused on local research, forms a comprehensive mechanism for collecting and processing geospatial information, which not only increases the accuracy of monitoring, but also provides for the prediction of structural changes in land use, taking into account environmental, social and economic factors. The study conducted a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of satellite and aerial photography, where the key parameters considered were spatial resolution, which determines the scale of the analysis, regularity of data acquisition, which ensures the relevance of information, dependence on atmospheric conditions, which limits the efficiency of the survey, and the cost of using technologies, which affects the accessibility of methods for different categories of users. Based on the results obtained, the critical need for the implementation of geographic information systems (GIS) for automated processing of remote sensing data sets was argued, which allows not only to identify areas of soil degradation, assess their moisture level and track the phenological cycles of agricultural crops, but also to integrate these data into climate change adaptation strategies. A model for the application of remote sensing is proposed, which is based on algorithms for collecting, processing and visualizing data obtained from satellite images and UAV aerial photography, which provides cost-effectiveness by reducing the cost of field research, increasing the accuracy of analysis through a combination of macro-scale and local data, and minimizing environmental risks associated with soil degradation and biodiversity loss.