Morphometric Analysis of the Proximal and Distal Ends of Adult Dry Femur Bone: A Cross sectional Study in the Population of North Karnataka, India

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgeons require anatomical knowledge of the proximal and distal ends of the femur when performing knee replacement or knee arthroplasty procedures. The application of morphometric analysis is advantageous to biochemical research. It enhances the understanding of many other factors that influence bone, such as its strength, structural integrity, and functions. Aim: To quantify the morphometric parameters of the proximal and distal ends of the adult femur, including measurements of size, shape, and angular relationships. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 102 adult dry femur bones of unknown gender and age collected from Department of Anatomy, JN Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India from October 2024 to January 2025. The femur specimens were analysed using different methods. This includes osteometric board, Vernier caliper, Goniometer and thread. The data collected was statistically analysed using software International Business Machine (IBM) Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 27.0. Results: The current study found that the average femur length was 433±31.3 mm. The proximal part of femur showed femoral torsion averages 19.63±4.3 degrees, while the Neck Shaft Angle (NSA) has a mean of 125.35±16.86 degrees. Transverse diameter of head (in mm) measured 39.59±3.78 mm, and neck (mm) 25.65±3.42. Vertical diameter of head (in mm) is 40.01±3.69 and neck (in mm) is 29.44±4.07. The distal part of femur, showed bicondylar width (in mm), 66.41±7.46, intercondylar width (in mm) 21.32±5.03 and intercondylar depth (in mm) 24.97±2.54, medial condyle thickness (in mm) 23.84±3.86 and lateral condyle thickness (in mm) 23.93±3.16, medial condyle length (in mm) 56.06±4.77 and lateral condyle length (in mm) 57.29±4.21. Conclusion: The study’s measurements of the proximal and distal femur revealed population-specific values, particularly for North Karnataka. These findings have significant implications for forensic identification, anthropological studies, and clinical applications. Population-specific morphometric data enhances accuracy and relevance in these fields.