One Case of Postoperative Metastasis of Bilateral Renal Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus and Literature Review

肾癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤，近年来发病率呈上升趋势，且发病年龄越来越年轻，男性发病率显著高于女性，发病原因与代谢、吸烟、遗传及环境等因素关联密切。肾细胞癌是最常见的肾癌类型，约占肾恶性肿瘤的90%，而其中又以肾透明细胞癌最常见。手术是肾癌的主要治疗方式，局限性肾癌经手术治疗可取得较好疗效，但仍有部分患者会发生术后转移。转移性肾癌通常需要全身系统治疗，目前的治疗方案主要是靶向治疗、免疫治疗及靶免联合治疗。本文通过回顾性分析1例双侧肾细胞癌并下腔静脉瘤栓术后转移患者的临床资料，包括病史、影像学检查、手术治疗及术后随访情况，对其诊疗方案进行综合分析。并结合相关文献复习，为临床治疗此类疾病提供参考。Renal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. In recent years, its incidence has been on the rise, and the age of onset has been getting younger. The incidence rate in men is significantly higher than that in women. Its causes are closely related to factors such as metabolism, smoking, genetics, and the environment. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of renal cancer, accounting for more than 90% of renal cancers, among which renal clear cell carcinoma is the most prevalent. Surgery is the main treatment method for renal cancer. For localized renal cancer, surgical treatment can generally achieve good therapeutic effects. However, some patients may still experience postoperative metastasis. Metastatic renal cancer generally requires systemic treatment. The current treatment regimens mainly include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and the combination of targeted and immunotherapy. This article conducts a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of a patient with postoperative metastasis of bilateral renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, covering aspects such as medical history, imaging examinations, surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up, and carries out a comprehensive analysis of the diagnosis and treatment plan. Meanwhile, by reviewing the relevant literature, it provides a reference for the clinical treatment of such diseases.