ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN THE ERA OF INNOVATIONS (Reviewing and exploring modern research and literature on treatment of atopic dermatitis with microbial transplantation)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with growing global prevalence, affecting both children and adults. It is characterized by immune system dysregulation, skin barrier dysfunction, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Conventional treatments, such as topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and biologics, focus on symptom management but do not agree the underlying causes. This has led to an increasing interest in alternative approaches, including microbiome-targeted therapies. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for atopic dermatitis by restoring gut microbiota diversity and modulating immune responses through the gut-skin-axis. Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis plays a crucial role in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, contributing to systemic inflammation and disease severity. FMT has shown potential in improving atopic dermatitis symptoms by rebalancing gut microbiota, enhancing regulatory immune pathways, and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Clinical trials have demonstrated promising efficacy, but challenges remain regarding standardization, donor selection, and long-term safety. This review explores the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis, the immunological mechanisms of FMT, and its potential as a cost-effective treatment. Given its affordability and potential long-term benefits, FMT could provide an accessible alternative to expensive biologic therapies. With further research and regulatory advancements, integrating FMT into dermatological practice could offer a transformative solution for atopic dermatitis management, improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.