Recent advances in ultrasound examination of the heart in the emergency cardiac care

Ultrasound examination of the heart has become an essential tool in cardiovascular (CV) emergencies, offering rapid and detailed insight into cardiac function and hemodynamics with minimal patient risk. The portability and miniaturization of ultrasound devices have made cardiac ultrasound accessible in diverse clinical settings, including emergency rooms and intensive care units, where timely evaluations are crucial. As its use has expanded, the range of healthcare professionals performing cardiac ultrasound has broadened, making it vital to ensure that the technique is used safely and effectively by both cardiologists and non-cardiologists. This review explores the evolution of emergency echocardiography and focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS), highlighting their roles in improving patient outcomes in cardiac emergencies. While emergency echocardiography remains a comprehensive diagnostic tool, FoCUS has emerged as a point-of-care examination, offering a more efficient and targeted approach using portable devices. This transition has been supported by technological advancements in handheld devices, which are now more compact and user-friendly, enabling rapid assessment in challenging environments. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is enhancing the accuracy and speed of image acquisition and interpretation, further expanding the capabilities of cardiac ultrasound. Despite its potential, FoCUS has limitations, underscoring the importance of training, supervision and comprehensive evaluations. Training and education are pivotal in ensuring the effective use of these technologies, with specialized programs and digital platforms improving competency. The integration of ultrasound in emergency care is expected to grow, driven by innovations in AI and continued advancements in device accessibility, with the ultimate goal of improving patient care in a variety of clinical contexts.