The Criminal Law Characterization of QR Code Switching Cases in the Context of Electronic Payment

电子支付发展催生了偷换二维码等新型犯罪。本文以邹某案为例，分析盗窃罪、侵占罪与诈骗罪的适用争议，论证“三角诈骗说”的合理性：行为人虚构收款主体致顾客错误支付，商家成为被害人。该模式符合诈骗罪特征，与“三角诈骗”理论一致。传统刑法理论在数字化财产流转中显现局限，需重新审视“占有”概念。建议完善司法解释、强化平台监管、加强公众教育，构建协同治理体系，保障电子支付安全与数字经济发展。The development of electronic payments has given rise to new types of crimes such as QR code switching. Taking the case of Zou as an example, this paper analyzes the disputes over the application of theft, embezzlement, and fraud, and demonstrates the rationality of the “tripartite fraud theory”: the perpetrator fabricates a false payment recipient, causing customers to mistakenly transfer funds, with the merchant becoming the victim. This model aligns with the characteristics of fraud and is consistent with the “tripartite fraud” theory. Traditional criminal law theories reveal limitations in the context of digital asset transactions, necessitating a re-examination of the concept of “possession”. Recommendations include refining judicial interpretations, strengthening platform supervision, enhancing public education, and establishing a collaborative governance framework to safeguard electronic payment security and promote the growth of the digital economy.