Evaluating Modern Android Frameworks: A Comparative Study of Flutter, Kotlin Multiplatform, Jetpack Compose, and React Native

Abstract Selecting a correct mobile development framework is crucial for obtaining efficiency, maintainability, and performance for Android apps. This study presents a comparative analysis of four most popular Android frameworks: Flutter, Kotlin Multiplatform, Jetpack Compose, and React Native. Every framework offers a variety of strengths and trade-offs concerning performance, UI capabilities, platform integration, developer experience, and community support. Flutter, Google's creation, is a UI toolkit that provides cross-platform development using a shared codebase through its Skia rendering engine-based highly customizable and fast UI. But its dependency on Dart and non-native orientation can bring along integration issues. Kotlin Multiplatform, in contrast, supports code sharing while maintaining native UI development, thus being a good option for teams that value platform-specific experiences but minimize duplicated logic. Jetpack Compose, Google's new declarative UI library for Android, enhances UI development with concise, reactive code but is only for Android, restricting its cross-platform capability. React Native, sponsored by Meta, supports cross-platform development with JavaScript and native-component bridge with balanced performance and development speed but at risk of performance bottlenecks due to its JavaScript-to-native interface. This book compares empirically these frameworks on parameters such as rendering speed, memory, development ease, and flexibility between platforms. Based on analysis of actual implementation scenarios, the study discusses the pros and cons of each framework and offers recommendations to developers, companies, and teams in selecting the optimal framework based on project requirements. The results indicate that the best option relies upon the level of complexity in projects, the skill level of the team, performance requirements, and long-term maintenance. The analysis is a guide for Android development framework choices by developers in the changing environment of Android development. Keywords: Android frameworks, cross-platform performance, UI rendering, code reusability, scalability, developer productivity, Flutter, Jetpack Compose, React Native, Kotlin Multiplatform.