Minimizing Recombination at the Perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> Interface through a Volatile Highly Dense Molecular Interlayer
Advancing inverted perovskite solar cells requires effective strategies to mitigate nonradiative recombination at the perovskite/C60 interface. Here, we report a volatile material that forms a thin, dense interlayer that essentially eliminates the C60-induced nonradiative interfacial recombination loss despite not directly passivating the perovskite surface. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy highlights that the molecule forms a positive dipole layer on the surface that aligns the perovskite and C60 energy levels for electron conduction. Furthermore, the molecule’s volatile nature allows the use of a high-concentration solution that enables a high surface coverage (likely >99%) without increasing the thickness. The combination of these two effects yields an effective approach to suppressing interface recombination. The resulting triple cation perovskite solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency of >25% and the devices maintain >90% of their initial efficiency after 1200 h of operation. Furthermore, the molecule is broadly applicable to various perovskite compositions and bandgaps.
Authors
- Igal Levine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0406-2922)
- Yongzhen Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-403X)
- Dieter Neher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-8403)
- Stefan W. Glunz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-2097)
- Thomas Unold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-0693)
- Lars Korte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9207-9048)
- Jonas Schön (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-0500)
- Jianjun Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0925-7024)
- Dorothee Menzel
- Steve Albrecht (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-9535)
- Martin Stolterfoht (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-2178)
- Christoph Messmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-8109)
- Dongting Ye
- Fengshuo Zu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5861-4887)
- Hannes Hempel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-9644)
- Meysam Raoufi
- Felix Lang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-380X)
- Fangyuan Ye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-1942)
- Norbert Koch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6042-6447)
- Shuo Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-1387)
Institutions
- East China University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute (CN)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (DE)
- Institute of Astronomy (RU)
- FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CZ)
- Shanghai Electric (China) (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Energy Letters
- Published
- 2025-05-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00615
- Citations
- 13
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.50
Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Volkswagen Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Project 211