Study the Modern Techniques of Granulation in Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Form

Granulation is a critical process in the pharmaceutical industry, significantly influencing the manufacturing and quality of solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. Traditional granulation methods, including wet and dry granulation, have been widely employed for decades. However, modern pharmaceutical demands necessitate advanced granulation technologies that offer enhanced process control, scalability, product uniformity, and compliance with regulatory expectations such as Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT). This study explores the latest advancements in granulation techniques used for solid dosage forms, emphasizing their principles, applications, advantages, and challenges. Techniques such as high shear granulation, fluidized bed granulation, twin-screw granulation, melt granulation, spray drying, and moisture-activated dry granulation (MADG) are discussed in depth. The integration of PAT and continuous manufacturing systems into granulation processes is also evaluated to highlight how modern pharmaceutical manufacturing is evolving toward automation, real-time monitoring, and continuous improvement. Comparative evaluations provide insights into process efficiency, granule properties, scalability, and regulatory compliance. This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of modern granulation techniques and their pivotal role in advancing pharmaceutical manufacturing practices, enhancing product quality, and ensuring patient safety. The study concludes with an analysis of current challenges and the future scope of research in pharmaceutical granulation.