Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Clinical and Prognostic Impact

Aim. To summarize the current literature data on the clinical features of myocardial infarction in patients with iron deficiency conditions, to present the clinical and pathogenetic significance of anemia and iron deficiency in this cohort of patients. Key points. While the incidence of anemia in the general population of patients is 3.8%, the prevalence of anemia syndrome in patients with myocardial infarction, according to available data, reaches high values and varies from 11 to 38%. The widespread occurrence of anemia, along with the numerous mechanisms of its formation, raises the question for modern researchers: is anemia in patients with myocardial infarction a risk factor for the development of short- and long-term adverse outcomes or a marker of the severity of myocardial infarction? It is not entirely clear which laboratory markers of anemia are of the greatest value for predicting the likelihood of immediate and long-term outcomes in a heterogeneous population of patients with myocardial infarction. The current review highlights the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency conditions in patients with myocardial infarction, the clinical and pathogenetic relationship of iron deficiency with cardiovascular diseases, and discusses the possibilities of predicting adverse events in a cohort of patients with myocardial infarction and iron deficiency. Conclusion. Due to the great clinical significance of anemia and iron deficiency conditions, the cohort of patients with myocardial infarction and associated conditions is the object of close attention of modern researchers. Studying the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency conditions in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk, determining the clinical features of the course of myocardial infarction and the postinfarction period in such patients is necessary to create effective tools for stratification of the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. At the same time, laboratory markers of anemia that would improve the prognostic value of existing risk scales or create new modern risk stratification tools for patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction require further study. In this regard, it seems relevant to continue further research in this area. Keywords: anemia, iron deficiency, myocardial infarction, prognostic significance.