YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES

Triticale is a crop characterized by high yield potential and increased protein content, which determines the high feed and nutritional value of its grain and processed products. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the best winter triticale varieties of different ecological and geographical origin in terms of yield and grain quality and to select them for further breeding. The scientific study was carried out at Udmurt SAU in the years which were contrasting in terms of the weather conditions (2021-2023). Forty-five varieties were studied in comparison with the Izhevskaya 2 and Zimogor varieties. The laboratory studies were conducted at the Department of Plant Production, Agriculture and Breeding of Udmurt State Agricultural University and the Department of Analytical Research of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The most productive varieties of winter triticale – Beta (391 g/m2), Zimogor (381 g/m2) and Kornet (378 g/m2) – were identified on the basis of three-year studies. In terms of nutritional value, the grains of the tested varieties met the requirements of classes 1-2 of GOST R 53899 "Feed triticale. Specifications". The following varieties deserve the attention: Girey, which has an advantage over other varieties in protein and fat content in grain, Torchinske – in starch content; Sirs-57 and Torchinske – with low ash and fiber content; Izhevskaya 2 – in protein and amino acid content. The grain of the Izhevskaya 2 variety was characterized by a high content of 12 out of 17 defined amino acids (including 7 essential amino acids). The following varieties were also characterized by the content of certain amino acids: Girey, Germes and Bereket. The listed varieties can be used as source material for breeding winter triticale to improve the quality of fodder grain.