The Specificity of Russian Institutions and State Paternalism (Part 2. Evolution of the Paternalistic State)

The current stage of scientific and technological development makes the factor of compliance with new tasks of the institutional structure of the humanitarian sector of the economy especially significant as the most important in the formation of human capital, meeting not only technological but also social needs of society. The refore, the role of institutions of paternalistic state, designed to support science, education, culture, art, and health care, is increasing. These institutions, as associated with the most advanced spheres of society, on the one hand, are especially sensitive to all newly emerging needs. But on the other hand, they are an integral part of the general institutional structure of the state, individual elements of which may lag in their development and, accordingly, slow down the development of institutions of paternalistic support of the humanitarian sector. In the article, the topic of paternalistic state of the humanitarian sphere of the economy is considered as an integral part of the general evolution of the state and ideas about it. The evolution of institutions of paternalism and the institutional system of society as a whole is shown by comparing three conceptual schemes that are essentially close to each other. All of them consider the state not just as a set of power structures, but as an internally connected form of three components - political power, economy and civil society. These are: the table of evolution of forms of paternalism and its institutional structure by A. Ya. Rubinstein; the picture of the evolution of state structures of various countries, associated with the four Leviathans and the possibilities of transition from one to another by D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson; the conceptual scheme of the structure of post-communist regimes by B. Magyar and B. Madlovich. Such a comparison of different approaches leads to the conclusion that the modern stage of development as an information, digital economy, "knowledge economy" requires not just the owner of human capital that meets the needs of the time, but is not an object, but a subject of social action. Therefore, the development of the humanitarian sector of the economy is so important as the basis for maintaining the techno-humanitarian balance in society to ensure its sustainable development.