Permanent magnets in magnetic medicine: applications and advances

Magnetic systems play a crucial role in advancing biomedical applications, particularly in magnetic medicine. This study presents a comprehensive review and analysis of various magnetic systems, detailing their field distributions, gradient characteristics, and the forces they generate. Both permanent magnets of varying geometries and complex magnetic configurations were examined, each demonstrating unique advantages in terms of field strength, gradient distributions, and practical implementation. The findings highlight the critical role of spatial magnetic field characteristics in optimizing interactions with biological tissues and cells, thereby improving the efficacy of magnetic medical technologies. The insights derived from this study emphasize the transformative potential of magnetic systems in shaping the future of both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in magnetic medicine. Magnetic field distribution of two interacting magnetized rings used in magnetic anastomosis