The global innovation system view for electric vehicles in Indonesia: Facilitating the transition to electric mobility in society

• Facilitating transition to electric mobility viewed from global innovation system. • The transition could be facilitated by technological mastery and market mechanisms. • The critical factors for facilitating transition to electric mobility should be executed. • Main message is policy insight about Indonesia's future role in EV global market. • Original substance is GIS model for EV transition in Indonesia in a global context. The study intends to reveal how Indonesia could facilitate the transition to electric mobility in society viewed from the lens of global innovation system (GIS) to mitigate carbon emissions. This study uses a systemic approach to investigate the overall interaction of GIS elements and actors. The study's findings revealed that Indonesia could facilitate the transition from ICEV to EV by putting the GIS on EV to work in Indonesia, which first necessitates a shift in perspective, recognizing EV diffusion in a broader GIS framework that includes companies, industry, national and global scales. Second, improve sub-systems performance of local suppliers and domestic companies, which is currently at a low level. Third, improve system performance at the company level through: i. from the technology side, the local component industry should carry out technology digestion to boast technology mastery in EV's main components; and ii. from the market side, demand for EVs is necessary to be augmented exponentially to facilitate the transition from ICEV to EV. Moreover, this research highlights the unique facets that emphasize two crucial aspects for making the GIS of EV works effectively: i. upgrading local EV component manufacturing to become global player; and ii. establishing a new EV battery company based on EV battery circularity in the long run. The scientific contribution of this research is a GIS model for EV transition that was built inductively from the real world of the EV automotive industry in Indonesia.