Oral manifestations of Monkeypox infection: clinical implications for dental diagnosis and management in emerging viral outbreaks in Brazil

Introduction: The reemergence of Monkeypox (Mpx) in 2022 represented a new challenge for global public health. Although previously confined to African regions, the international spread of the virus highlighted the need for a multidisciplinary response, including dentistry, due to the early oral manifestations of the disease.Objective: To discuss the oral manifestations of Mpx, emphasizing their clinical implications for dental diagnosis and management during viral outbreaks in Brazil.Methods: A narrative review of recent scientific literature was conducted, focusing on publications between 2012 and 2023, as well as documents from official organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sources addressing virological, clinical, and dental aspects of Mpx were included.Results: Mpx presents four clinical phases, with the mucocutaneous eruption phase including painful oral ulcers, often among the first signs of infection. These manifestations may aid in early diagnosis. Dental management requires specific biosafety measures, careful screening, postponement of elective procedures, and local symptomatic treatment. The literature also emphasizes the importance of ethical and stigma-free care. Conclusion: The oral manifestations of Mpx are clinically relevant and can contribute to early disease identification. Dentists should be prepared to recognize these lesions, adopt preventive measures, and provide safe, ethical, and humane care, strengthening the role of dentistry in health surveillance and the response to infectious outbreaks.