Transformational Leadership and Digital Innovation: The Moderating Role of Diversity in Shaping Work Behavior among Indonesian Employees (MGA View)

This study examines how gender, age, and education moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and digital innovative work behavior (DIWB) in diverse employee groups. The paper addresses a literature gap on how leadership styles and diversity foster innovation in digital work environments. The study analyzes data from 514 Greater Jakarta employees using PLS-SEM in a cross-sectional quantitative design. Transformational leadership's direct and moderating effects on DIWB are examined, taking demographic factors like gender, age, and education into account. Transformational leadership significantly affects DIWB across all employee groups. This relationship is moderated by diversity, with gender, age, and education all contributing. The growing body of leadership and innovation research emphasizes the importance of diversity in leadership effectiveness. Cross-sectional studies limit causal inferences. Future longitudinal research could examine organizational culture and other moderators. The findings can be used to tailor diversity-aware leadership strategies to boost innovation and create an inclusive workplace. Unlike previous research focusing solely on leadership effects, this study integrates diversity factors into transformational leadership and DIWB.