TID Controller for Load Frequency Control in Multi-Area Interconnected Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration Using an Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm

The global energy transition, marked by the strong mix of renewable sources of energy in power grids, brings big challenges to power system stability. This stability gets affected by the changeable and hard-to-predict output of renewable energy sources that are highly dependent on weather conditions. In order to tackle this problem TID controller has been designed for Load Frequency Control LFC. To optimize the TID controller parameters, Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (I-GWO) is employed utilizing an Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. The proposed controller is tested on a Three-area power system integrated with photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines representing a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in modern power systems.The results are compared with those obtained using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). The results are compared with those obtained using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). The comparison between these two controllers was conducted by evaluating their stability, response speed, and robustness under different system settings and different values of load . The study was organized into four separate cases to make sure a full performance evaluation was done. Using MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation output indicates that the TID controller is marked by a quick correction of frequency and tie-line power variations with low cost much better than the PID controller.