Artificial Intelligence in Solar Stills: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends, Applications, and Future Prospects

Solar stills are relatively affordable, renewable energy distillers with low maintenance, which can help solve water problems in remote areas. Artificial intelligence (AI) has enhanced efficiency through adaptive control, the adjustment of operational parameters, and the development of forecasting methods and tools. AI solutions, such as hybrid models and machine learning, enhance design, automate tasks, and reduce costs by optimizing insulation and tilt angle, among other factors. There are also additional complementary technologies, such as nanotechnology and phase change materials, that improve sustainability and performance. In this paper, we review the adoption of artificial intelligence technology in solar still research, utilizing a bibliometric technique to analyze 2216 articles published between 2019 and 2024. The results show that the development of AI-integrated solar still technology experienced significant growth between 2019 and 2024, demonstrating how artificial intelligence enhances the efficiency, design, and performance of solar desalination systems. The findings also reveal that The Journal of Cleaner Production and Desalination are the most prominent sources in this field, driving knowledge dissemination and innovation. Additionally, the results highlight that China, India, and Egypt are the most active contributors to this research domain, reflecting their strong commitment to tackling water scarcity and promoting sustainable desalination.