Securing IoT Architectures with Blockchain: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things creates many challenges for security and scalability. These challenges result from device weaknesses and the complexity of large-scale data management. To shed light on these issues, this paper reviews recent studies from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. We selected articles that clearly propose blockchain-based solutions addressing IoT security, trust, traceability, or scalability, while excluding those that do not focus on these aspects. The results reveal key obstacles related to blockchain integration into IoT architectures. These include limited scalability, difficulties with interoperability among different systems, and data privacy risks. The paper also proposes solutions and directions for future research. Examples are improved consensus protocols, simpler cryptographic methods, and common standards. These proposals aim to strengthen security and enhance performance in blockchain-based IoT systems.