Resolution Enhancement Method of Compressive Sensing Constrained by Geological Structure Characteristics

Seismic high-resolution processing plays a pivotal role in enhancing the accuracy of velocity analysis and subsurface imaging in seismic exploration. However, both low and high frequencies are often attenuated due to Earth filtering and diffraction effects. Conventional compressed sensing-based frequency expansion methods, while effective in broadening the seismic frequency spectrum, are typically applied to individual traces. This approach, however, overlooks lateral spatial relationships, resulting in increased noise susceptibility and poor lateral continuity. In this study, we propose a multi-trace compressed sensing frequency expansion technique that is constrained by geological features. This approach improves lateral spatial relationships during inversion, thereby enhancing noise robustness and lateral continuity. To accurately estimate time shifts between adjacent noisy traces, we introduce an improved noise-robust dynamic time warping (Noise-DTW) algorithm. These time shifts, combined with a differential operator, are used to construct a geological feature operator for multi-channel inversion. The estimated geological feature operator is incorporated as a regularization term into the L1-norm-based sparse inversion objective function, which is solved using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through both modeling and real seismic data. The results demonstrate significant improvements in seismic data resolution, while also enhancing the lateral continuity of the imaging results.