Reassessing tectono-structural units and crustal thickness variations in southwest Cameroon using satellite gravity and seismic data

Southwest Cameroon has long lacked detailed geological data, prompting an investigation into its geological and tectonic features through innovative edge detection techniques applied to gravity data. We employed various methods, including the Analytical Signal (AS), Tilt Angle (TDR), Total Horizontal Gradient of the Tilt Angle (TDR_THDR), and the Logistic Filter (IL) to delineate geological features that manifest as lineaments and contacts on gravity anomaly maps. Main findings of this study involve identification of key tectonic boundaries, notably the Kribi-Campo faults (KCF) and the Ebolowa pseudo-karstic circular network, the latter being mapped for the first time. This work reveals the continuity of the Ebolowa network and integrates connections such as the Mbilibekon and Mfuda caves, enhancing our understanding of the region's geological evolution. Additionally, we detailed the north-south extension of the KCF, which extends into both oceanic and terrestrial domains, aligning with the eastern margin of the Congo Craton. This finding suggests the fault system's role as a transition between the stable cratonic core and the dynamic mobile belts, necessitating a re-evaluation of regional tectonic models. To support our edge detection interpretations, we estimated Moho depths using gravity and seismic data, finding a Moho depth range between 34.5 km to 45.9 km, correlating with significant faulting and sedimentary features. This research enhances the understanding of subsurface structures in Southwestern Cameroon and provides a robust foundation for future geological and geophysical studies, emphasizing the critical interplay between surface and subsurface processes. • Key tectonic boundaries, including the Kribi-Campo Faults (KCF) and the Ebolowa pseudo-karstic network, were identified and mapped for the first time. • The north-south extension of the KCF was detailed, showing its role as a transition between the Congo Craton and mobile belts. • Moho depth variations were estimated, ranging from 34.5 km to 45.9 km, reflecting crustal thickening and sedimentary basin features. • Gravity anomaly analysis revealed thick sedimentary deposits in coastal regions and dense Archean rocks in the Ntem Complex. • Advanced gradient filtering techniques, such as the improved logistic (IL) filter, effectively delineated major tectonic boundaries and subsurface structures.