Model for Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Off-Highway Trucks

In this article, a comprehensive model for the analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from off-highway trucks is presented, expanding the understanding of the contributions of these vehicles to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Off-highway trucks are key contributors in various sectors, such as mining, construction and agriculture, but their CO2 emissions have often been underestimated due to their operational complexity. The proposed model combines operational data, vehicle characteristics, load profiles and specific emission factors to create an accurate and adaptable analysis tool that considers the parameters of transported load, track slope, average speed and mechanical efficiency. By integrating these elements, the model calculates CO2 emissions, allowing for a holistic assessment of the environmental impacts of off-highway trucks. In addition, we highlight the importance of accurate modeling of CO2 emissions in this context, as these analyses are crucial for formulating mitigation strategies and for adopting highly sustainable practices in the operation of these vehicles. The application of the model to specific case studies demonstrates its effectiveness in different operational scenarios, and it provides valuable insights for informed decision-making. In summary, the proposed model fills a significant gap in the analysis of GHG emissions from off-highway trucks, leading to an increasingly accurate understanding of their environmental impacts.