Phyllofolactones V–X, Bishomoscalaranes With Proangiogenic and Hypolipidemic Activities From Sponge <i>Phyllospongia foliascens</i>

Chemical investigation of the marine sponge Phyllospongia foliascens led to the identification of three new bishomoscalaranes, phyllofolactones V-X (1-3), alongside three known analogs, phyllofolactones M (4) and O-P (5-6). The structures of these bishomoscalaranes were characterized through comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The in vivo proangiogenic, hypolipidemic, and anti-heart failure effects, as well as the in vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, and antioxidant properties of these compounds were assessed. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant lipid-lowering effects at a concentration of 10 µM in the zebrafish model. Meanwhile, compounds 2 and 5 demonstrated strong proangiogenic activity in zebrafish at the identical concentration of 10 µM. Compound 4 exhibited radical-scavenging activity against both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium saltfree radicals, with IC₅₀ values of 17.27 and 18.90 µM, respectively.