Modern methods of preparation of deeply desalinated water for the needs of thermal power plants. Ecological aspects

The need for water treatment at thermal power plants remains one of the most important aspects in the energy sector.Water is the main source of energy for energy companies.Therefore, very high demands are placed on its chemical composition.The quality of the water supplied to the system has a major impact on its operation.Hard water is a serious problem for steam and gas boiler houses, as well as for steam turbines at thermal power plants that provide heat and hot water.Water hardness creates problems that significantly affect the performance of boilers and boilers, and negatively affect their productivity.Scale builds up on the walls of the equipment, causing excessive levels of magnesium and calcium cations.To improve the performance characteristics and operating time, it is important to use water of high purity, which is the main problem of using steam generation systems.The main modern methods of water treatment for the needs of thermal power plants are considered: evaporation, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis.Evaporation is based on the use of cooling towers.In general use in buildings, cooling towers are connected to water-cooled central chillers that provide cooling for the building.In water-cooled plants, water from the condenser absorbs heat from the chillers and then transfers it to the cooling towers, where it is exposed to the outside air.The advantages of reverse osmosis are versatility, the ability to purify water from ionic and organic contaminants, high molecular weight compounds, suspensions, bacteria and other impurities simultaneously.The flow of filtrate is directly proportional to the surface area of the membrane and inversely proportional to its thickness.Electrodialysis (ED) is an established technology for treating industrial wastewater, brackish water, municipal wastewater and is used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, chemical processes, table salt production, electronics, biotechnology, heavy metal removal, and acid and alkali production due to its ability to remove ionic and non-ionic components under the influence of an electric current.This was due to the development of IEMs with improved electrochemical and physicochemical characteristics.