Applications of digital technologies in the detection of oral lesions: an integrative literature review

The early diagnosis of oral lesions is essential for successful treatment, especially in cases of oral cancer and potentially malignant lesions. However, the subjectivity of clinical evaluation and the need for complementary examinations can delay this process. In this context, digital technologies, including software and applications, have been developed to assist professionals in detecting these lesions using conventional algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI). This study conducted an integrative literature review to map and analyze the applications of these technologies in the diagnosis of oral lesions. The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCIELO, and BVS, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show that AI-based software can process images obtained from examinations such as computed tomography, while mobile applications allow for the initial screening of lesions through photographs taken with mobile devices. Additionally, teleodontology platforms have facilitated communication between specialists and general practitioners, promoting a faster and more accurate diagnosis. It is concluded that these technological tools represent a significant advancement in dentistry, improving accessibility and efficiency in the early diagnosis of oral cancer. However, further studies are needed to validate their clinical applicability and ensure their widespread adoption in dental practice.