Recent advances in bioelectrochemical approaches for sustainable environmental remediation

The degradation of landscape ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities has led to the emergence of innovative ecological remediation strategies. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES), which integrate microbiology and electrochemistry, have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing this challenge. BES technologies—including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs)—simultaneously facilitate environmental remediation and resource recovery. This review explores recent advances in BES, focusing on the fundamental principles underlying microbial electron transfer, the role of advanced electrode materials, and the optimization of operational parameters to enhance system performance. Furthermore, the review highlights the successful application of BES in remediating polluted water bodies, soils, and sediments, while emphasizing their integration with landscape management practices to restore ecosystem functions. Innovations in reactor design and the incorporation of nanomaterials have enhanced the efficiency and scalability of BES for field applications. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration across electrochemistry, microbial ecology, and materials science, this review advocates for the adoption of BES as a sustainable and multifunctional approach to ecological remediation. As BES technology progresses toward large-scale implementation, addressing technical challenges, optimizing system configurations, and refining regulatory frameworks will be essential for maximizing ecological benefits and promoting sustainable landscape management.