Fabrication of Vegan Leather from Botanical Barren Extracts on Blended Fabric: A Vanillin-Enhanced Approach

Objectives: The textile industry is increasingly shifting towards sustainability, eco-friendly materials and innovation. In this study, we present a novel approach in developing plant-based vegan leather using Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plant), a crop highly cultivated for consumption in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. The high value of post- consumption waste contributes significantly to the environment pollution and creates landfills. To address this issue, agro-barren was collected from local farmers and the markets in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The processing of bio-solution typically employed in food industry. Method: The cleaned agro-barren material underwent a modification of leather fabrication process, including natural dyeing process using Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) extracts and overlayed with organic cotton to produce vegan leather sheet. Finding: The result material was characterized following ISO standards using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), surface elemental analysis, colour strength evaluation, thickness measurement, tensile strength testing, and colour fastness assessment. Novelty: The study demonstrates the transformation of agriculture barren into a sustainable leather alternative, offering a viable, environment friendly solution for the textile and fashion industry, the finding contributes the border circular economy and waste valorisation in material science. Keywords: Bio-degradable, Solanum lycopersicum, Ceratonia siliqua plan-based, Organic cotton, Natural dye, Waste valorization, Agriculture-barren