Guillain-Barré Syndrome incidence in the light of COVID-19 infection and vaccines

Introduction and Objective.Guillain-Barr Syndrome is considered a neurological disease that attacks the peripheral nerves in an autoimmune mechanism.Although the exact etiology is uncertain, most cases are preceded by infections or vaccines.The novel coronavirus -SARS-CoV-2 -responsible for COVID-19 pandemic has brought new concerns about GBS cases in the context of morbidity and vaccination.The aim of the review is to present GBS characteristics and research the topics of GBS manifesting after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as vaccination, in order to summarize the available data and to assess the link between SARS-CoV-2 and GBS.Review Methods.This scoping review was conducted with use of PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases and 'https://gov.uk'website.The sources ranged mainly from 2019-2024.Brief description of the state of knowledge.The clinical presentation of GBS depends on a variant, although similar in both COVID-19-related GBS and non-COVID-19-related GBS.The most prevalent GBS variant is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, with men of older age are more likely to develop the disease.Regarding pathogenesis, a few possible mechanisms have been suggested for SARS-CoV-2 to reach the nervous system, including ACE2 and NRP.For vaccines, similarity between vaccine contents and gangliosides may generate immune cross-reactivity, which induces anti-ganglioside autoantibodies production.The antibodies target neuronal antigens and cause damage to the nervous system.Summary.GBS cases associated with both COVID-19 vaccines and infection have been observed.Adenovirus-vectored vaccines have been reported as higher-risk in comparison with mRNA-based vaccines; most GBS cases occurred after the first dose of the vaccine.COVID-19-related GBS is probably developed in a post-infection mechanism. Key wordsvaccination, COVID-19, Guillain-Barr Syndrome associated with COVID-19 is GBS [1].During the pandemic, new vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed.They were proven efficient, although multiple cases of GBS were reported to have emerged after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.The aim of the review is to present current data on GBS occurring after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODThe scoping review includes multiple publications that provided information about GBS and COVID-19.80 research articles using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, excluding languages other than English were analyzed.Key words used to search for data included 'Guillain-Barr Syndrome', linked to additional words 'epidemiology ', 'variants', 'subtypes', 'diagnosis', 'treatment', After thorough research, 34 articles were selected for inclusion in the review. Epidemiology.Population-based research in North America and Europe shows that the incidence of GBS varies from 0.81-1.91cases per 100,000 person-years, with a median