Health implications of prediabetes and the role of trace elements in insulin resistance

Abstract Background Prediabetes is more than just a direct cause of diabetes; it is a harmful condition linked to pathological alterations in various tissues and organs, highlighting its importance as a unique medical condition. It can regress if managed promptly to prevent progression to diabetes. Aims and objectives The aim of this review is to explore the complex relationship between variable trace elements and insulin resistance. Existing relationship may have a potential impact on the development and further progression of prediabetes. Analysis and synthesis of available research highlight how trace elements contribute to glucose derangement potentially hastening or mitigating the onset of diabetes. Methodology A systematic search of PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science electronic databases was performed and all types of studies were included and no language restriction was applied. Identified titles and abstracts were screened to select original reports and any duplicates were removed. Conclusion The review summarizes pathophysiology, complications, and management of prediabetes, which makes clinicians aware and able to intervene at an early stage reducing the economic burden of overt diabetes. Additionally, it highlights the relationship between trace elements and their role in development of insulin resistance.