Effect of panchagavya and row spacing on yield and economics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) sown under organic farming

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2024 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy to evaluate the effect of panchagavya and row spacing on growth, yield and economics of pearl millet. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of panchagavya (2%, 4% and 6%) and spacing (30 cm × 10 cm, 40 cm × 10 cm and 50 cm × 10 cm). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments and replication thrice. The result revealed that application of Panchagavya 6% along with spacing of 40 cm × 10 cm (Treatment 8) significantly enhanced the number of earheads/m2 (33.67), number of grains/earhead (1950.27), grain yield (3.32 t/ha) and stover yield (8.20 t/ha). Therefore, said treatment also recorded Highest gross return (112802.35 INR/ha), net return (74984.85 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.98) in comparison to alternative treatments.