Saffron Extract Ointment for Treatment of Open Wounds

This study compared the saffron extract group to the control group for wound therapy in rats. Twenty male white rats were housed in plastic cages, with containers randomly assigned to two groups of ten rats. All rats underwent conventional surgery under general anesthesia, resulting in surgical incision injuries on the dorsal region of their backs. A 2 cm long wound was made using a surgical blade and ruler. Increased blood flow, edema, fibrous tissue, and crust formation were observed during examination. Treatments were applied to the wound surface once daily for seven days. Biopsies were taken on the seventh, fourteenth, and twentyfirst days to assess healing, with morphological observations reported on each of these days. The best outcomes were observed in G2. On the final wound healing examination, G2 showed significantly more wound contraction than G1. The evaluation indicated that G2 outperformed G1 in wound assessment, supported by additional criteria. Histological changes after saffron treatment revealed complete recovery of all skin layers, including the epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissue. In contrast, G1 (control) showed a regenerated epidermal stratum, interstitial spaces between the outer skin and underlying layers, swelling or vesicular lesions within these layers, and swelling beneath the skin, with inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes, present in the dermal layer.