Optimization of Nano-Tangeretin Recrystallization via Natural Surfactants in the Antisolvent Precipitation Process: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity

In this study, an improved method combining natural surfactants with a solvent-antisolvent precipitation technique was developed to prepare highly effective nano-sized tangeretin particles. Various natural surfactants were tested and compared, and the formulation was optimized using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design methodologies. The optimal preparation conditions were identified as follows: a tangeretin-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution concentration of 5.23 mg/mL, surfactant concentration of 4.72%, and a rotor diameter of 20 mm. Under these conditions, uniform nano-tangeretin particles with an average size of 428.73 ± 30.25 nm were successfully produced. The preparation process significantly reduced particle size without chemical structure of tangeretin, as confirmed by spectral analysis. Importantly, the free radical scavenging activity of the nano-tangeretin was markedly enhanced, showing 65.4% increase in DPPH radical inhibition compared to the unprocessed powder. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the bioactivity and dispersibility of tangeretin, providing a valuable strategy for the efficient utilization and industrial-scale production of bioactive compounds from natural resources.