Direct Electrochemical Detection of Tyramine in Beer Samples Using a MWCNTs Modified GCE

In this study, an electrochemical method is presented for the direct determination of tyramine in beer samples. A multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the detection and quantification of tyramine at a low potential of 0.53 V. The electrochemical process and sensor parameters were thoroughly investigated to establish optimal analysis conditions. The method demonstrated a linear response range from 3 to 9 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 µM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 µM. The developed sensor was successfully applied to commercial beer samples for tyramine analysis. The results were compared with those obtained using the standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, highlighting the sensor's potential for tyramine determination in aqueous food samples without the need for complex sample preparation.