Research Progress on the Gene Regulatory Networks for Biosynthesis of Plant Polysaccharides

植物多糖(Plant polysaccharides)是植物细胞壁的重要组成部分，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等多种生物活性。近年来，植物多糖在肠道健康、疾病防治以及全球粮食安全等方面的重要性日益凸显。本文综述了植物多糖的主要类型及其合成基因，包括纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和淀粉，并探讨了多糖合成基因的转录调控、激素与环境信号调控以及表观遗传调控机制。通过总结相关研究技术的创新，本文为深入理解植物多糖的生物合成及其在植物生长发育中的作用提供了理论基础，也为未来植物多糖的应用研究提供了参考。Plant polysaccharides are essential components of plant cell walls and possess various bioactivities, including antioxidant, antitumor, and immune-regulatory properties. In recent years, the significance of plant polysaccharides in gut health, disease prevention, and global food security has become increasingly evident. This review summarizes the major types of plant polysaccharides and their biosynthetic genes, including cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch. It also explores the transcriptional regulation, hormonal and environmental signal regulation, and epigenetic regulation mechanisms of these biosynthetic genes. By summarizing innovations in related research techniques, this article provides a theoretical basis for understanding the biosynthesis of plant polysaccharides and their roles in plant growth and development, as well as references for future research on the application of plant polysaccharides.