Pars Plana Vitrectomy and ILM Peeling for Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema Without Vitreomacular Traction

<b>Background</b>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to intravitreal injections (IVIs) and without vitreomacular traction. <b>Methods:</b> In this retrospective consecutive case series, we included patients that underwent PPV with ILM peeling for refractory DME. Examination was performed at baseline, and at the 1- and 6-month follow-up. Primary endpoints were best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). <b>Results:</b> A total of 15 eyes were included, and BCVA improved from 0.69 ± 0.27 logMAR preoperatively to 0.48 ± 0.28 logMAR at the 1-month (<i>p</i> = 0.013) follow-up and 0.42 ± 0.29 logMAR at the 6-month (<i>p</i> < 0.001) follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up, 10 eyes (66.6%) gained at least two lines of vision. The BCVA of pseudophakic eyes (nine eyes) improved from 0.64 ± 0.21 logMAR at baseline to 0.40 ± 0.26 logMAR at the 6-month follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.02). CMT decreased from 457 ± 114 µm preoperatively to 336 ± 112 µm at the 1-month (<i>p</i> = 0.035) follow-up and 302 ± 68 µm at the 6-month (<i>p</i> = 0.001) follow-up. During follow-up, only two eyes received IVIs: one following vitreous hemorrhage and one for persistent DME. <b>Conclusion:</b> PPV with ILM peeling improves BCVA and reduces CMT in eyes with DME refractory to IVIs up to the 6-month follow-up.