An analytical study of the greater palatine foramen in adult human skulls using anatomical planes for clinical considerations

The greater palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Accurate localization of the GPF is essential while negotiating the greater palatine canal to block the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa. This study aimed to elucidate the shape, orientation, and position of the greater palatine foramen in relation to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks and maxillary molars in an adult Indian population. The study was conducted on 80 human adult skulls of unknown gender. Both sides of the hard palate were assessed, and the number of GPF was recorded by direct visual inspection. Morphometric measurements were recorded with regard to the topographic relation of GPF with the neighbouring bony landmarks. The data were analysed using an independent sample t -test and Spearman rank correlation to check the relationships between the measurements. The average distance from the incisive fossa to the posterior nasal spine was 40.68 mm. The distance between GPF and incisive fossa was 40.68 and 36.32 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distance between GPF and lesser palatine foramen was 2.99 and 2.81 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The present study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. The data presented here will also provide an index for future studies and help with various invasive procedures in the field of dentistry. • The greater palatine foramen (GPF) is a major anatomic landmark in all interventions involving the maxillary nerve. • The study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. • The values are beneficial in dentistry disciplines like orthodontics and for orthognathic treatments. • GPF morphometry is important with the advancement of endoscopic procedures and radiological techniques.