Influence of Internal Obstacle Size and Position on Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in Square Cavities

Understanding the impact of internal obstacle configurations on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection has become essential for optimizing thermal systems such as electronic cooling devices, solar enclosures, and advanced heat exchangers. This review investigates how variations in the size and placement of internal bodies within square enclosures influence natural convection performance under the presence of magnetic fields. The paper compiles and analyzes studies from 2015 to 2024, highlighting key trends in heat transfer enhancement or suppression as a function of geometric positioning. Special focus is given to works incorporating nanofluids and different Hartmann numbers, with findings synthesized to guide future research and design improvements.