Assessment of helmet usage enforcement on safety of commercial motorcyclists in Kenya: A case of Kisumu City

Road traffic injuries are estimated to be the eighth leading cause of death globally. Riders have a greater risk of death than other types of transport. The lack of helmet use is a specific factor leading to head injuries and fatalities resulting from motorcycle crashes which costs heavily both to the country’s economy and family’s financial status. The purpose of this study was to asses helmets usage enforcement on safety of motorcyclists in Kisumu city. This research was guided by Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population of this study was all the commercial motorcyclist and law enforcement enforcement officers in Kisumu City, whereby systemic sampling was used to collect data from 250 motorcyclists along three major roads that lead to Kisumu town. The study used questionnaires, interview schedule and observation checklist as the primary data collection instruments. Data analysis was done using SPSS and findings were presented through charts, tables and graphs. The findings of the study revealed that wearing helmet among Kisumu's commercial motorcyclists is quite low due to inconsistent enforcement of cautionary measures and social norms that prioritize style over care. Factors like inadequate training, limited access to quality helmets and lack of awareness hinder compliance. On safety, enforcement and awareness is critical for improving safety outcomes. The study concluded that improving helmet enforcement and addressing protection for commercial motorcyclists in Kisumu City needs affordable training, immediate public awareness campaigns and strict enforcement. This research recommended establishing regular checkpoints for law enforcement to actively monitor compliance with helmet laws. Effective public awareness campaigns can change perceptions and behaviors regarding helmet use. Training programs focusing on safety regulations and responsible riding practices can improve rider knowledge and skills.