Parametric investigation and multi-objective optimization of building-integrated hybrid energy storage system with metal hydride tank

The present analysis investigates a hybrid energy storage system consisting of lead-acid batteries and a hydrogen storage tank using metal hydrides. A dynamic simulation is conducted for a 1000 m 2 building, supported by photovoltaics and a hybrid storage system to meet annual appliance and lighting demands. The research focuses on optimal system sizing to minimize both grid electricity demand and total capital costs. Multi-objective optimization was conducted through a Dymola–Python NSGA-II algorithm interface, while energy simulations utilized the INTEMA.building tool. Results indicate an optimal solution with 118 lead-acid batteries (339.84 kWh) and a 4 kg H 2 capacity of a metal hydride storage tank, achieving 99.2 % grid autonomy. Although the 40 kW and 50 kW PV systems achieve comparable energy autonomy (98 %), their total cost is doubled compared to the optimal solution due to increased demanded MH tank capacity (60 kg H 2 ) to support the battery system, outperforming the total cost. • Modeling and simulation of a hybrid energy storage system with a metal hydride tank. • Parametric analysis of metal hydride tank and battery sizing on system performance. • Developed a Dymola–Python interface to optimize energy storage efficiency. • Multi-objective optimization on the total cost and energy autonomy of the system. • Discussed design limitations and future prospects for hybrid energy storage.