Comparative GCMS Phytochemical Analysis Antihyperuricemic Efficacy of Romanian, Bangladeshi, and Syrian Nigella sativa Varieties in a Fructose and yeast-Induced Rat Model: Mechanistic Insights by computing Predictive Modelling

Nigella sativa, commonly known as black cumin, is widely recognized for its medicinal properties, including its antihyperuricemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antihyperuricemic potential of three varieties of Nigella sativa seeds from Bangladesh, Syria, and Turkey, as well as their phytochemical composition. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), key bioactive compounds, such as thymoquinone, p-cymene, and α-phellandrene, were identified and quantified. An animal model of hyperuricemia was established in Sprague-Dawley rats using a fructose-brewer’s yeast diet, and therapeutic effects were assessed by administering standardized doses of Nigella sativa and comparing their efficacy to allopurinol, a conventional gout medication.The results revealed significant phytochemical variability among the three origins, with Turkish Nigella sativa exhibiting the highest levels of thymoquinone and p-cymene, while the Syrian variety showed unique bioactivity despite lower thymoquinone content. Statistical analysis demonstrated that all three seed varieties effectively reduced uric acid levels, with Turkish Nigella sativa producing the most significant reduction. In silico predictions using pkCSM , SuperPred and Pro Tox III provided insights into mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics and their toxcity, highlighting the potential of Nigella sativa as a complementary treatment for hyperuricemia and gout. This research emphasizes the importance of geographical influence on the medicinal properties of Nigella sativa and contributes to the understanding of its pharmacological applications.